Emperor Jalaluddin Muhammad akbar

Emperor Jalaluddin Muhammad akbar

 He was the third Mughal emperor of India

 But no one could make the Mughal Empire as strong as it was.

 But his achievements and ideas led him to invent a new religion

 And became a god among the people.

 People started coming to him for their prayers.

 His reign was a time of peace and prosperity in India.

 That is why he is still remembered in history as Akbar Azam.

 The world knows him as Akbar the Great.

 This small dome and a small brick platform is located in Umerkot, Sindh, Pakistan

 About 5 centuries before today, the great emperor of India, Akbar, was born in this place.

 When Akbar opened his eyes, his father Humayun was lost in the hands of Sher Shah Suri of Delhi.

 There was not enough money in his pocket to celebrate the birth of a son.

 There was just some doubt that he shared with his colleagues

 And at the same time he said that if I were the king of Delhi, I would put diamonds on this blessed watch.

 This is what I have at the moment. Accept it and pray for the baby.

 One of the companions said, "King, peace be upon you. Don't worry. The fragrance of this boy will spread all over the world like musk."

 Akbar was sent to his uncle Kamran Mirza in Kabul at an early age.

 But in Kabul, the shadow of death began to fall on Akbar.

 It so happened that Akbar's uncle Kamran Mirza revolted against his brother Humayun.

 When Humayun besieged Kabul with his army, Kamran Mirza made a terrible move.

 He tied four-year-old Akbar to the walls of the fort and tied him to a rope.

 Humayun, standing under the wall, was watching the scene.

 He understood that if he attacked the fort, Akbar would be burnt alive.

 This was a great ordeal for Humayun but he did not back down to save Akbar's life.

 Instead, they attacked the fort, captured Kabul and liberated Akbar.

 Akbar was breastfed by his servants according to the royal constitution.

 One of his maids, who was not his foster mother, became very famous in history.

 His name was Mahim Inga and Akbar was very obedient to him.

 But Akbar was not at all interested in reading and writing.

 I was only interested in showing my strength.

 He challenged older boys to wrestle and often beat them.

 When Akbar was thirteen years old, Emperor Humayun snatched the throne of Delhi back from the Suri family.

 Humayun died shortly after taking back Delhi.

 At that time Akbar was in the area of ​​Klanwar, four hundred and seventy kilometers away from Delhi.

 Humayun's death was expected to spark an uprising.

 So the courtiers played a small drama to cover up the news of Humayun's death.

 One of Humayun's loyal clerics was Mullah Beksi.

 His size and beard style were similar to Humayun's.

 The courtiers took him into confidence about Humayun's death.

 Then it happened that Mullah Bexi would stand in the window of the royal palace wearing royal clothes every day.

 When people saw him from a distance, they thought that the king was alive and that he was making his subjects visit him.

 On the other hand, a horseman was immediately rushed to Klanwar.

 The cavalry reached Kala Noor in chaos and announced the death of the king.

 Humayun's loyal companion Bairam Khan was with Akbar at that time.

 Bairam Khan heard this news, he understood the coming dangers.

 Instead of taking Akbar to Delhi, he held a ceremony in Klanwar and proclaimed Akbar king.

 Bairam Khan himself became Akbar's minister and guardian.

 Now the news of Humayun's death could not be hidden and a revolt broke out in the whole kingdom.

 Even Delhi was attacked.

 The biggest enemy of the Mughals in India was the Suri family.

 Even after the defeat of Humayun, the Survivors ruled over the eastern parts of India.

 Hemo, a Hindu minister of the same family, invaded Delhi and Agra as soon as he heard of Humayun's death.

 And they were captured.

 He proclaimed Vikramaditya as the new Emperor of India.

 It seemed that after Humayun, Akbar too would have to live in exile

 Because Delhi was out of his hands.

 But Akbar's guardian Bairam Khan was not ready to give up.

 He took Akbar with him and marched towards Delhi with the Mughal army.

 Hemo or Vikramaditya also came out to compete with all his strength.

 Look at the irony of fate that the two armies clashed in the historic field of Panipat.

 That is, the very place where Akbar's grandfather Zaheeruddin Babar had defeated Ibrahim Lodhi and won the throne of Delhi.

 On November 5, 1556, the second major battle took place in the historic Panipat field.

 Hemo was leading his army on an elephant.

 Soldiers on both sides were fighting valiantly.

 But Akbar's stars were high.

 Suddenly an arrow hit the battlefield and hit Hemo straight in the eye.

 He was injured and fell on the elephant.

 It is also said that this arrow was shot by Akbar.

 However, whoever shot the arrow, the battle was decided as soon as Hemo fell.

 His soldiers thought he was dead and fled the battlefield.

 But wait a minute.

 Humayun was alive, he shot an arrow out of his eye.

 He tied his head with a handkerchief and gathered his remaining comrades and started fighting again.

 But now there was no point in showing such bravery

 Because Akbar's army had won the war.

 The Mughal army wiped out Hemo's comrades and Hemo was captured alive, chained and presented to Akbar.

 Bairam Khan, by whose plan this war was won, was eager to celebrate.

 He said to Akbar, "King, peace be upon you. This is your first victory."

 Pen the head of the enemy with your sword and celebrate this victory.

 Akbar laughed when he heard this.

 He said that beheading a defeated and bound enemy is not bravery.

 Our sword will not do this.

 Take it

 But Bairam Khan could not take the risk of leaving Hemo alive.

 The only punishment for rebellion in those days was death.

 So Bairam Khan beheaded Hemo with his sword.

 After Hemo's death, Delhi and Agra came under Akbar's control again.

 Other uprisings were also successfully crushed and peace was restored in the Mughal Empire in a short time.

 But the principle of politics is that the war of government never ends.

 Akbar's rebels were over, but his guardian Bairam Khan, whom Akbar affectionately called Baba

 That became very difficult for Akbar.

 Bairam Khan was running the system of empire by keeping the young Akbar under his control

 That is, Akbar was a king in name only.

 All in all it was Bairam Khan.

 Bairam Khan started making his own decisions in the empire.

 He killed one of his important courtiers, Turdi Beg, and several others without Akbar's permission.

 But Akbar did not stay under the influence of Bairam Khan for long.

 As soon as he was seventeen years old, he sacked Bairam Khan from the post of Prime Minister and sent him on Hajj.

 Bairam Khan was furious at this decision of the inexperienced Akbar and raised the awareness of rebellion.

 But Akbar soon defeated Bairam Khan, proving that he was no longer inexperienced.

 Akbar's soldiers captured Bairam Khan alive and brought him before Akbar.

 When Bairam Khan came in front of Akbar, he did not even dare to raise his head in shame.

 He fell at Akbar's feet.

 Akbar picked up Bairam Khan and seated him with honor and advised him to go on Hajj again by giving him a stipend of fifty thousand rupees.

 Bairam Khan left for Hajj but was attacked and killed by some Afghans on the way.

 After Bairam Khan's death, Akbar took his widow and four-year-old son Mirza Abdul Rahim into his care.

 After Bairam Khan's departure from the court, Akbar selected scholars, nobles and capable people to important positions in the court.

 These nine people are especially famous among them who are called Akbar's nine rattans or nine diamonds.

 Among them, Man Singh is the same expert general who defeated the brave Raja Rana Pratap of the Rajputs in the famous battle of the Turmeric Valley.

 With the help of Todar Mill, Akbar developed an excellent system of taxation on agricultural lands.

 Unnecessary taxes on farmers were removed and corruption of government officials was eliminated.

 Akbar's arrangement greatly increased agricultural production.

 Akbar had prepared rules for every sphere of life.

 Alcohol, prostitution and child marriage were banned.

 The minimum age for marriage was 16 for boys and 14 for girls.

 Most marriages among Muslims and the ritual of sati among Hindus were also banned.

 Akbar also conducted a census in his kingdom.

 Akbar was enforcing the laws of his choice in the empire but he was very close to the scholars.

 The reason was that the ulema at the court had become so powerful that they began to interfere in the affairs of the empire.

 When Akbar got fed up with the scholars

 So one of its nine rattans, Sheikh Mubarak, prepared an order for it

 In which it was written that the opinion of Jalil-ul-Qadr King of Islam will be given priority over the opinion of the scholars.

 By issuing this order, Akbar separated the ulema from the business of the empire and began to decide religious issues himself.

 In response, the ulema issued fatwas against Akbar and a new uprising broke out in the kingdom.

 Akbar severely crushed the rebellion and selectively killed or imprisoned the rebel leaders.

 Mullah Mohammad Yazdi and Moizul Malik, two leaders of the Ulema, were drowned in the river Jumna.

 While separating the scholars from the empire, Akbar asked his minister Abul Fazl

 Why not create a new religion by combining the good things of all religions.

 Abul Fazl said that the idea is good but will people accept it.

 Akbar's answer was that it is up to the people to believe or not to believe.

 But combining the good things of all religions to create a new religion will reduce conflicts.

 So Akbar developed a new religion called the Divine Religion

 In addition to Islam, good things from Hinduism were also included.

 Among Akbar's courtiers, Sheikh Mubarak, Abul Fazl and many others also converted to the new religion.

 Although this court religion did not gain popularity among the people

 But the naive people of India were so devoted to Akbar that he began to be worshiped.

 You may not believe the water with which Akbar's feet were washed

 People used it to treat diseases.

 Women used to come to his court to pray to become mothers

 And after becoming a mother, she would present gifts at the royal court.

 People used to come to Akbar to increase their wealth and fulfill other purposes.

 Bowls of water were brought to him on which Akbar would breathe and sick people would drink this water and hope for healing.

 Akbar used to worship the sun with Brahmins,

 He bowed before the Christian cross

 And he respected the Jews.

 Most of Akbar's subjects, the Hindus, were pleased with him.

 Akbar waived the jizya imposed on Hindus,

 Ban on cow slaughter

 And promoted Hindus to important positions in the court.

 Even three of Akbar's Nortons, Todar Mill, Man Singh and Barbal, were Hindus.

 In Akbar's time, Hindu festivals including Dussehra and Besakhi were celebrated at the official level.

 He also did Persian translations of many Sanskrit books, including Mahabharata.

 Apart from religious initiatives, Akbar also carried out many mechanical experiments.

 Some of them were successful.

 Like he made special wheels to run the chakras and rahats at high speed.

 He also designed a machine that would draw water from a well and run a mill at the same time.

 Akbar also set up a large number of arms factories.

 Akbar usually held a court at Fatehpur Sikri, Agra or thirty-six kilometers away.

 But it also kept Lahore as its capital for many years.

 In Lahore he built a magnificent fort which still exists today in all its splendor

 And later Mughal emperors also made some additions to it.

 In Lahore, Akbar built two buildings for religious discussion, Khairpura and Dharampura.

 Khairpura was for Muslims, Jews and arsonists and Dharampura was for Hindus.

 Under Akbar, the Mughal Empire spread throughout India.

 Akbar had two weapons to spread his power.

 War and marriage.

 Akbar conquered Bengal, Bihar, Kashmir, Sindh, Gujarat and large parts of Deccan by war.

 While in Rajputana, with the use of force, Akbar also resorted to marriages.

 He married the daughters of the kings of Jaipur, Jodhpur and Bikaner.

 With the help of these marriages, Akbar had influenced most of the Rajput kings.

 While many areas including Chittor were controlled by force.

 Only Raja Maharana Pratap of Mewar fought till the end.

 Mewar was completely occupied by the Mughals during the reign of Jahangir.

 But even such a large empire and wealth did not make Akbar eager for luxury.

 He was physically active all the time and often went hunting.

 As a young man, he also used leopards with hunting dogs to hunt.

 He kept a thousand leopards in his hunting ground.

 He hunted thousands of animals with his gun.

 He would put his feet on the ivory and ride on it.

 He took part in sports and was so fit that he could walk up to forty miles a day.

 Along with physical exertion, he also played chess to keep his mind sharp.

 It is said that Akbar had made a map of the chessboard in the courtyard of his palace

 Humans were used instead of seals to play chess.

 These were his physical fitness and mental abilities

 Who made Akbar a powerful ruler and India a peaceful and prosperous country.

 People of all religions were happy with it.

 That is why he was called Akbar Azam in history.

 Even today, films and plays are made about his life and he is remembered in good words.

 But even such a great ruler was afraid of death.

 In the last days of his life, he kept looking for ways to avoid death.

 Someone had told him that Hindu sadhus also prevent death with their miracles.

 He also spent time with these sadhus but could not stop death.

 Forty-nine years had passed since he ruled in 165

 So one day he fell ill.

 Despite all the efforts of doctors, he could not be saved.

 On October 27, 1655, Akbar the Great passed away at the age of 63.

 His son and successor Jahangir gave the outskirts of Agra to Akbar

 He built a magnificent mausoleum on an area of ​​119 acres in Alexandria which became the last resting place of Akbar the Great.

 This was the life story of Emperor Akbar.