Great Cotton Kingdom: Cotton planet and clothes
It is difficult to date a dress because it does not last long with time. We know that when humans traveled from the plains of Africa to the cold weather a million years ago, clothing was needed to avoid the weather. Archaeological records are not good, but we do know that animal fur and fur were used for covering at that time.
There is also evidence that yarn was spun and made from linseed 30,000 years ago. Twelve thousand years ago, when settlements began to settle, textile production also increased. Experiments with new types of fibers were started to avoid the sun and cold.
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Transformation from plant to fabric has been invented independently in many parts of the world. Twelve thousand years ago in Europe, during the Neolithic period, different types of grass were woven. Eight thousand years later, in the Bronze Age, wool was taken from animals. Linseed yarn and many other types of wool have been used in the Middle East and North Africa for 7,000 years. During this time Rami tree and silk were used in China. As societies grew, cloth became an important determinant of one's social status.
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In the world of linen, wool, ramie and silk, the importance of cotton gradually increased.
As far as we know, it was discovered five thousand years ago in India that it could be used to make thread. Around the same time, the same thing began to happen on the coast of present-day Peru, and a few thousand years later, the inhabitants of East Africa invented the technique separately. After this discovery, cotton fiber became the dominant source of clothing in all areas. Its properties were superior to linseed or rami or other fibers. Durable, lightweight, easy to dye and easy to wash.
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Botanical scientists believe that the cotton plant is one to 20 million years old on Earth. There are four different types of genetics. Mesoamerica's G. Harstem. G. Barbados of South America. G. Harbasim of Africa. And Asian G Abortem. There are hundreds of variations beyond these types. Today, 90 percent of the world's germs are grown in the United States.
Man changed this plant forever. A bush or small tree laden with small seeds and hairs spread on those seeds. Artificial selection transformed it into a small plant with large seed hairs of extraordinary length.
Cotton growers experimented with the plant and made it an item that could meet the growing needs of clothing. It was taken away, its diversity increased. It was cultivated in different areas. And these were the characteristics that laid the foundation of the Cotton Empire in the 19th century.
Man changed this plant and this plant changed the human way of life.
Cotton In the ancient world:
Farmers and artisans of the Indus Valley were the first to use cotton for clothing. In 1929, a team of archaeologists discovered pieces of cotton textile from Mohenjo-daro in present-day Pakistan. These were between 3250 BC and 2750 BC. Nearby, 5,000 BC seeds have been found in Mehrgarh. The Rig Veda, which dates from 1500 BC to 1200 BC, mentions its cutting and forming. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus mentions the fine cotton of India in 445 BC.
For thousands of years from ancient times to the nineteenth century, the subcontinent was at the forefront of its production. In present-day Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, small quantities of cotton were grown for food. It was woven for its own use and sold in the local market. The crop was harvested by hand. The seeds were taken out of the roller. Wooden tools were used to separate mud and knots. It was mounted on a spindle. It was spun into thread. A pole was tied between two trees and a thread was woven into it to make a cloth.
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Stories of the quality of Indian cotton fabrics were famous. In the thirteenth century, Marcopolo wrote,
"Here I saw the most exquisite and most beautiful cloth in the world."
Six hundred years later, Edward Benz, a cotton expert, wrote in the paper, "The perfection of Indian clothing is incredible. Many muslin garments seem to have been made not by humans but by fairies or insects. It was a web of wind. ”
The subcontinent was not alone. The Americas also had plenty of cotton and cloth. Long before the arrival of Europeans, from Mesoamerica to the West Indies and South America, cotton was the most important industry. Archaeologists in present-day Peru have discovered fishing nets dating back to 2400 BC. Pieces of textile clothing have been discovered between 1600 and 1500 BC. When Pizarro invaded his kingdom in 1532, he was amazed at the quality and quantity of cotton clothing. In the city of Kahmarka, Inca, the winners found huge warehouses full of textiles that were "superior to any garment in their sophistication and color." (This sentence from the biography).
A few thousand miles to the north, ten years earlier, when the Europeans entered the Aztec Empire, they were astonished. In addition to gold and other treasures, Hernan Curtis sent Charles V a brightly colored cloth dyed red and indigo. Like South America, Mesoamerica's cotton industry has a long history. Cotton was grown in present-day central Mexico in 3400 BC. The earliest thread is found between 1200 and 1500 BC. Its earliest use by the Maya civilization was discovered in 632 BC and in the plains of Veracruz in 100 BC.
Cotton was the dress of the elite.
The rise of the Aztec military and economic empire came seven centuries ago in 1350. At that time, there were more users. With the use of more people, its processing became more important. The textile and dyeing industry developed further. And the best clothes became a show of one's empire for a person.
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When the Spaniards occupied Central America, local production continued. In addition to clothing, it was used for religious offerings, gifts, currency, decorations, and to make a mummy by wrapping the dead. Before Columbus left for the United States, the annual production of cotton in Mexico was 50 million kilograms. (The first such production in the United States took place in 1816). As the power of the rulers of Toyota Huacan increased. He began to pay tribute to cotton growers and textile makers, and his trade grew.
The region of Mexico and Peru was the center of this production, but it was also found in many other regions. In many parts of present-day Brazil, cotton was woven from wild plants to make cloth. The Novaho and Hopi civilizations in present-day southwestern America became familiar with the art around 300 BC. When Christopher Columbus arrived in the West Indies, seeing the sprawling cotton fields there was one of the reasons why he misunderstood that he had reached India.
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It also has a long history in Africa. It was grown by the Nubians in present-day East Sudan. Its earliest discovery was made in the town of Merway on the east bank of the Nile between 500 and 300 BC, but some experts believe that it was produced long before that. Cotton has no special role in ancient Egyptian civilization, but we know that cotton was used as fodder for cattle in 2500 BC. Cotton bush carvings have been made at the Karnak Temple in Luxor. Textile production began here after 332 BC. In 70 AD, the Pliny the Elder mentions an Egyptian bush made of cotton. Large-scale production here has accelerated since the advent of Islam in the ninth century.
It then reached West Africa. How? It is not clear. Probably traders from East Africa brought it with them. And it came here in the first century AD. After the advent of Islam in the ninth century, it spread rapidly in the region. In Islamic madrassas, girls were taught to spin and boys to become. The use of clothing in the weather and environment here was not much before. This Mojo in the eleventh century had reached Togo. In the fifteenth century, Leo Afrikaans states that "the kingdom of Mali had an abundance of cotton and Timbuktu had rich textile merchants."
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South Asia, Central America and East Africa In these three places, the invention of making cloth from cotton became independent. And from here he traveled to the rest of the world.
To be Continued...
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